Battle of the Giants: B-52 vs Tu-95

B-52 Stratofortress

The B-52 & Tu-95 are amongst the most recognized planes from the Cold War period. Their primary function was to transport nuclear weapons & act as the cornerstone of their individual nation’s strategic bombing units. Although both planes had comparable roles, there are notable contrasting features. 

Munitions on display demonstrate the full capabilities of the B-52 Stratofortress, a bomber in the Air Force

Creating giants

Boeing crafted the B-52 in the late 1940s as a strategic bomber with extensive reach and high altitude capabilities. The plane has been in service since the 1950s, making it one of the most long-lasting military planes in history. Though it has received several upgrades and alterations throughout the years, the general design of the B-52 has remained largely unchanged.

In comparison, the Soviet Union generated the Tu-95 in the early 1950s as a retort to the B-52. Similar to the B-52, it was constructed as a strategic bomber with a long-range and adequate altitude, but also had the capacity to launch cruise missiles. Starting in 1956, the Tu-95 has undergone a few upgrades and alterations over time similar to the B-52.

A B-52 Stratofortress assigned to the 340th Weapons Squadron at Barksdale Air Force Base, La.

Performance

The B-52 & Tu-95 are aircrafts with exceptional capabilities for high-altitude and long-range missions, especially for strategic bombings. The B-52 can reach up to 650 mph with a range of 8,800 miles, while the Tu-95 reaches 575 mph with a range of 9,400 miles. Their propulsion systems are notably different, as the B-52 uses eight turbojet engines while the Tu-95 has four turboprop engines. This gives the B-52 a faster maximum speed, but the Tu-95 has better fuel efficiency and a longer range.

A Russian Tu-95 Bear ‘H’ photographed from a RAF Typhoon Quick Reaction Alert aircraft (QRA) with 6 Squadron from RAF Leuchars in Scotland Photo: RAF/MOD

Both can blow things up just fine

Both the B-52 & Tu-95 have been designed for nuclear weapons, but can also be outfitted with non-nuclear weapons. The B-52 can carry up to 70,000 pounds of weapons, such as conventional bombs, cruise missiles & nukes. Likewise, the Tu-95 can carry up to 40,000 pounds of munitions, which include conventional bombs, cruise missiles & nuclear weapons. 

One notable dissimilarity between these aircraft is the type of cruise missiles they utilize. The B-52 uses the AGM-86B air-launched cruise missile (ALCM), which has a range of almost 1,500 miles and can carry either a nuclear warhead or conventional. Conversely, the Tu-95 is furnished with the Kh-55 cruise missile that can carry a nuclear or conventional warhead at a range of nearly 1,800 miles.

Tupolev Tu-95 (NATO reporting code “Bear”), in 1984 Photo: USN

Track record

The B-52 & Tu-95 were widely utilized in the Cold War and have since been deployed in various recent conflicts. During the Vietnam War, the B-52 conducted strategic bombings & dropped bombs. Its service extends to the Gulf War, Iraq War & Afghanistan War. The Tu-95 also saw combat in conflicts like the Soviet-Afghan War & Chechen Wars. It also played a role in the Russian intervention in Syria.

A B-52 Stratofortress takes off from Andersen Air Force Base, Guam (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Master Sgt. Mahmoud Rasouliyan)

So which one is better?

As you can see, the two aircraft are comparable in many ways, but the American bomber edges out a few more advantages over its Russian counterpart. However, a more important consideration is the weaknesses of the Tu-95. Similar to the B-52, the Tu-95 Bear is a relic of a bygone era. Although they both emit high levels of noise, the Bear’s propellers create a distinct sound that can be detected from far away. Unfortunately, this is not an advantageous trait for a bomber.

Tupolev Tu-95 Photo: Sergey Kustov

Furthermore, due to the propellers, the Bear is the opposite of stealth – it reflects radar signals like a beacon. Although the B-52 isn’t great in this regard, the Bear is significantly worse. The biggest difference between these planes is their technological advancements. The US made a deliberate effort to extend the lifespan of the B-52 and invested significantly in upgrades. While the Tu-95 also received upgrades, they were mostly related to targeting.

The B-52, however, received a complete facelift, with updated engines, avionics, and cockpit. In comparison, the Russian plane looks like it stopped developing after the Korean war.

A B-52H-175-BW(61-0036) Stratofortress taking off from Tinker AFB, OK. Photo: Balon Greyjoy

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